澳大利亞海關(guān)簡(jiǎn)介
時(shí)間(TIME)：2021-07-10 15:12:36
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2016-09-27 17:48 文章來(lái)源：海關(guān)總署
澳大利亞海關(guān)是澳大利亞聯(lián)邦最早設(shè)立的政府機(jī)構(gòu)之一，總部設(shè)在堪培拉。澳大利亞憲法第86章明確規(guī)定：海關(guān)為公共職能部門(mén)，依法實(shí)施強(qiáng)制性的措施和管理，嚴(yán)厲懲罰違法者，同時(shí)采取一切必要的措施促進(jìn)商貿(mào)的發(fā)展。
澳大利亞海關(guān)署有以下職能：(1) 除對(duì)人員、貨物、運(yùn)輸工具及郵件等的監(jiān)管外，還代表其他政府有關(guān)業(yè)務(wù)部門(mén)實(shí)施邊境管理，如衛(wèi)生檢疫、動(dòng)物保護(hù)、文物保護(hù)、商標(biāo)保護(hù)及移民事宜等；(2) 實(shí)施聯(lián)邦政府的部分推動(dòng)工業(yè)發(fā)展的措施，如關(guān)稅、配額、補(bǔ)貼、出口激勵(lì)措施等；(3) 征收關(guān)稅、部分銷(xiāo)售稅、間接稅及其他有關(guān)稅費(fèi)，對(duì)違法者進(jìn)行起訴；(4) 向澳大利亞統(tǒng)計(jì)局提供進(jìn)出口貿(mào)易統(tǒng)計(jì)材料。
2008年12月4日，澳大利亞總理陸克文宣布澳大利亞海關(guān)署更名為“澳大利亞海關(guān)與邊境保衛(wèi)局”，賦予澳大利亞海關(guān)更多邊境保衛(wèi)職權(quán)，包括協(xié)調(diào)邊境情報(bào)的搜集并對(duì)情報(bào)進(jìn)行分析，協(xié)調(diào)監(jiān)管、監(jiān)視和水上行動(dòng)，進(jìn)行國(guó)際合作，打擊海上偷渡。職權(quán)增強(qiáng)后，澳大利亞海關(guān)通過(guò)統(tǒng)一的監(jiān)管和一點(diǎn)問(wèn)責(zé)制，可以應(yīng)對(duì)復(fù)雜的邊境保衛(wèi)方面的挑戰(zhàn)。
更名后有一個(gè)過(guò)渡期，部分職責(zé)、職能和資源從澳大利亞移民部轉(zhuǎn)至海關(guān)與邊境保衛(wèi)局。
澳大利亞海關(guān)與邊境保衛(wèi)局負(fù)責(zé)管理澳大利亞邊境的安全。澳大利亞海關(guān)與邊境保衛(wèi)局致力于與其他政府機(jī)構(gòu)（特別是聯(lián)邦警察、檢驗(yàn)檢疫局、移民部和國(guó)防部）和國(guó)際組織一起，打擊邊境上非法貨物和人員的流動(dòng)。
澳大利亞海關(guān)與邊境保衛(wèi)局總部位于首都堪培拉，全國(guó)工作人員和海外派駐人員共計(jì)5500人，擁有海上巡邏艦隊(duì)，并與兩家空中監(jiān)管服務(wù)提供商簽約，使用其飛行設(shè)施進(jìn)行海上監(jiān)視與行動(dòng)。
攔截非法毒品和火器，保護(hù)澳大利亞民眾安全，是澳大利亞海關(guān)與邊境保衛(wèi)局的一項(xiàng)重要任務(wù)。澳大利亞海關(guān)與邊境保衛(wèi)局運(yùn)用多種技能（包括情報(bào)分析、計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)分析、工作犬和各種其他技術(shù)），確定高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的飛機(jī)、船舶、貨物、郵遞物品和旅客。
澳大利亞海關(guān)與邊境保衛(wèi)局服務(wù)的客戶(hù)包括澳大利亞民眾、政府、商界、旅客和其他政府機(jī)構(gòu)。
澳大利亞海關(guān)與邊境保衛(wèi)局設(shè)一名局長(zhǎng)（Chief Executive Officer）、三名副署長(zhǎng)（Deputy Chief Executive Officer）。主要有三大職能：
- 促進(jìn)旅客快速通關(guān)和貿(mào)易便利
- 邊境執(zhí)法
- 征稅
澳大利亞ICS系統(tǒng)
澳大利亞海關(guān)與邊境保護(hù)局 “一體化貨物通關(guān)系統(tǒng)”（Integrated Cargo System，簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)ICS）是用于處理進(jìn)口和出口運(yùn)輸工具申報(bào)和報(bào)關(guān)單申報(bào)的電子通關(guān)系統(tǒng)。該系統(tǒng)將海關(guān)與出口商（或其代理）、倉(cāng)庫(kù)和貨棧經(jīng)營(yíng)者、集貨人、貨代、航空公司、船公司、許可證簽發(fā)機(jī)構(gòu)和其他政府部門(mén)（如澳大利亞統(tǒng)計(jì)局ABS，澳大利亞檢驗(yàn)檢疫局AQIS）聯(lián)網(wǎng)，提供以下功能：
1．自動(dòng)化進(jìn)出口申報(bào)；
2．免除了讓企業(yè)交驗(yàn)紙質(zhì)許可證件的需要；
3．加快和簡(jiǎn)化了進(jìn)出口海運(yùn)和空運(yùn)貨物艙單的處理；
4．加強(qiáng)了海關(guān)監(jiān)控高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)進(jìn)出口貨物能力，同時(shí)又保證大部分進(jìn)出口貨物通關(guān)順暢；
5．向ABS及時(shí)傳輸進(jìn)出口貿(mào)易統(tǒng)計(jì)信息。
澳大利亞海關(guān)與邊境保衛(wèi)局在倫敦、曼谷、北京、布魯塞爾、雅加達(dá)、東京和華盛頓設(shè)有代表處。
澳大利亞海關(guān)（英語(yǔ)）
http://www.customs.gov.au/site/page.cfm
Australian Customs is one of the earliest government agencies established by the Australian Federation, with its headquarters in Canberra. Chapter 86 of the Australian Constitution clearly stipulates that customs is a public functional department, which implements compulsory measures and management according to law, severely punishes offenders, and takes all necessary measures to promote the development of Commerce and trade.
The Australian Customs Department has the following functions:
(1) in addition to the supervision of personnel, goods, means of transport and mail, it also implements border management on behalf of other relevant government departments, such as health and quarantine, animal protection, cultural relics protection, trademark protection and immigration matters。
（ 2) Implement some measures of the federal government to promote industrial development, such as tariffs, quotas, subsidies, export incentives, etc。
（ 3) Collect customs duties, partial sales tax, indirect tax and other relevant taxes and charges, and prosecute the offenders。
（ 4) Provide import and export trade statistics to the Australian Bureau of statistics.
On December 4, 2008, Australian Prime Minister Kevin Rudd announced that the Australian Customs Department would be renamed "Australian Customs and Border Protection Agency", giving Australian customs more border protection powers, including coordinating the collection and analysis of border intelligence, coordinating supervision, surveillance and water operations, and carrying out international cooperation to combat smuggling at sea. With the enhanced authority, Australian Customs can cope with complex border security challenges through unified supervision and a little accountability.
There will be a transitional period after the name change, with some responsibilities, functions and resources transferred from immigration Australia to customs and border protection.
Australian Customs and border protection is responsible for the security of the Australian border. Customs and border protection Australia is committed to working with other government agencies (especially the federal police, inspection and quarantine, immigration and defense) and international organizations to combat the movement of illegal goods and people across the border.
Australian Customs and border protection is headquartered in Canberra, the capital of Australia. It has 5500 national staff and overseas personnel. It has a maritime patrol fleet and has signed contracts with two air surveillance service providers to use its flight facilities for maritime surveillance and operations.
Intercepting illegal drugs and firearms to protect Australian people is an important task of Australian Customs and border protection. Customs and border protection uses a variety of skills (including intelligence analysis, computer systems analysis, working dogs and a variety of other technologies) to identify high-risk aircraft, ships, cargo, postal items and passengers.
Customs and border protection Australia's customers include the Australian public, government, business, visitors and other government agencies.
Customs and border protection Australia has one chief executive officer and three deputy chief executive officers. It has three main functions
-Promote rapid passenger clearance and trade facilitation
-Border enforcement
-Taxation
ICs system in Australia
The integrated cargo system (ICS) of Australian Customs and Border Protection (CBP) is an electronic customs clearance system used to process the declaration of import and export means of transport and declaration forms. The system links customs with exporters (or their agents), warehouse and warehouse operators, cargo collectors, freight forwarders, airlines, shipping companies, license issuing agencies and other government departments (such as ABS and AQIS)
1. Automatic import and export declaration;
2. Eliminating the need for enterprises to submit paper license for inspection;
3. Speed up and simplify the processing of import and export sea and air cargo manifests;
4. Strengthen the ability of Customs to monitor high-risk import and export goods, and ensure the smooth clearance of most import and export goods at the same time;
5. Transmit import and export trade statistics to ABS in time.
Australian Customs and border protection has representative offices in London, Bangkok, Beijing, Brussels, Jakarta, Tokyo and Washington.
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