俄羅斯海關(guān)簡介
時間(TIME)：2021-07-04 15:24:28
俄聯(lián)邦海關(guān)署成立于2004年3月，直屬于俄聯(lián)邦政府領(lǐng)導。署長和副署長由俄聯(lián)邦政府直接任免，各地區(qū)海關(guān)局局長、直屬海關(guān)關(guān)長及其他海關(guān)官員的任免按聯(lián)邦海關(guān)署署長確定程序辦理。
俄羅斯海關(guān)實行垂直管理體制，統(tǒng)一管理全國海關(guān)，在組織機構(gòu)上可分為四個層次：海關(guān)署、直屬地區(qū)海關(guān)局（直屬海關(guān)）、隸屬海關(guān)、海關(guān)監(jiān)管點。署機關(guān)內(nèi)設21個局（即組織監(jiān)督總局、信息技術(shù)總局、海關(guān)監(jiān)管總局、反走私總局、商品目錄和貿(mào)易管制總局、后勤保障總局、聯(lián)邦海關(guān)收入局、財經(jīng)總局、監(jiān)督審計局、外匯監(jiān)管局、條法局、行政事務局、干部局、社會聯(lián)系局、海關(guān)安全局、稽查局、海關(guān)合作局、海關(guān)統(tǒng)計分析局、調(diào)查局、強力保障局、法制局）；7個直屬地區(qū)海關(guān)局（分設在俄聯(lián)邦七大行政區(qū)中，即中央海關(guān)局、西北海關(guān)局、遠東海關(guān)局、南方海關(guān)局、西伯利亞海關(guān)局、烏拉爾海關(guān)局、伏爾加河沿岸海關(guān)局），直屬海關(guān)5個（弗努科沃機場海關(guān)、達瑪捷多瓦機場海關(guān)、謝列梅捷沃機場海關(guān)、中央消費稅海關(guān)、中央能源海關(guān)），直屬專業(yè)化地區(qū)海關(guān)局4個；隸屬海關(guān)127個；海關(guān)監(jiān)管點709個、監(jiān)管口岸446個。此外，俄海關(guān)共有8個駐外代表處（駐白俄羅斯、烏克蘭、哈薩克、吉爾吉斯、芬蘭、德國、比利時和中國），海關(guān)學院1個、分院3個（擬增至6個）。世界海關(guān)組織歐亞經(jīng)濟共同體成員國教育培訓中心設在俄海關(guān)學院，獨聯(lián)體地區(qū)信息情報聯(lián)絡中心設在莫斯科。
俄羅斯海關(guān)現(xiàn)有關(guān)員64000余人。其中，署機關(guān)人員為1882人，1/3關(guān)員帶有關(guān)銜，2/3關(guān)員不帶關(guān)銜，按國家公務員管理。俄羅斯聯(lián)邦海關(guān)署現(xiàn)有署長1人、副署長5人（6位副署長的編制）。現(xiàn)任署長為別利亞尼諾夫。
俄羅斯海關(guān)的基本職能是：監(jiān)管、征稅、絹私、統(tǒng)計和其它海關(guān)業(yè)務。
每年10月25日是俄羅斯海關(guān)日。
The Customs Department of the Russian Federation was established in March 2004 under the leadership of the Russian federal government. The director and deputy director shall be directly appointed and removed by the Russian federal government. The appointment and removal of the directors of the regional customs administrations, the directors of the customs offices directly under them and other customs officials shall be handled according to the procedures determined by the director of the Federal Customs administration.
The Russian customs implements a vertical management system to manage the national customs in a unified way. In terms of organization, it can be divided into four levels: the Customs Department, the regional customs bureaus directly under the Russian customs, the subordinate customs and the customs supervision points. The Department has 21 bureaus (i.e. General Administration of organization and supervision, General Administration of information technology, General Administration of customs supervision, General Administration of anti smuggling, General Administration of commodity catalogue and trade control, General Administration of logistics support, Federal Customs Revenue Bureau, General Administration of Finance and economics, supervision and audit bureau, Bureau of foreign exchange supervision, bureau of laws and regulations, bureau of administrative affairs, bureau of cadres, bureau of social relations, customs security bureau, Inspection Bureau, Customs Cooperation Bureau Customs Bureau of statistics and analysis, bureau of investigation, bureau of strong security, bureau of legal system); Seven regional customs bureaus are directly under the jurisdiction of the seven administrative regions of the Russian Federation, namely, the central customs bureau, the northwest customs bureau, the Far East customs bureau, the southern customs bureau, the Siberian customs bureau, the Ural customs bureau, and the Customs Bureau along the Volga River, and five customs bureaus are directly under the jurisdiction of the Customs (customs of the fenukovo airport, customs of the damatedova airport, customs of the Sheremetyevo airport, customs of the central consumption tax, customs of the Volga River, customs of the Volga River) There are 4 specialized regional customs bureaus directly under the central energy customs; It is subordinate to 127 customs offices; There are 709 customs supervision points and 446 ports. In addition, Russian customs has eight representative offices (in Belarus, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Finland, Germany, Belgium and China), one customs college and three branches (to be increased to six). The education and training center of the member states of the Eurasian Economic Community of the world customs organization is located in the Russian customs academy, and the CIS regional information and Intelligence Liaison Center is located in Moscow.
There are more than 64000 customs officers in Russia. Among them, there are 1882 officers in the Department. One third of the customs officers have the customs rank, and two thirds of the customs officers do not have the customs rank. They are managed as state civil servants. At present, there are 1 Director and 5 deputy directors of the Customs Department of the Russian Federation (the establishment of 6 deputy directors). The current director is belianinov.
The basic functions of Russian customs are: Supervision, taxation, silk smuggling, statistics and other customs business.
October 25 every year is Russian customs day.
